Alt-Right Gangs by Shannon E. Reid Matthew Valasik

Author:Shannon E. Reid, Matthew Valasik [Shannon E. Reid, Matthew Valasik]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9780520300453
Google: x-XwDwAAQBAJ
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Published: 2020-01-15T04:32:24+00:00

MAP 6.1. United States counties with members posting in message boards on The Daily Stormer and/or Iron March (data retrieved February 7, 2018, from Fashmaps.com and November 6, 2019, from https://archive.org/details/iron_march_201911_backup).

Just as digital technologies have developed and evolved over the course of the last three decades, so have virtual Aryan free spaces. While many of these technological adaptations have benefited the broader WPM (e.g., greater global influence, real-time communication, increased anonymity), some have had a more negative impact. For instance, the internet has increased the reach and ubiquity of white power music throughout the world, yet the downside of this has been a tremendous loss in revenue for white power record companies. These companies acted as financial conduits, where profits from record sales were funneled to a variety of white power groups (see Corte & Edwards 2008; Dyck 2017; Pieslak 2015; Schafer 2002; Windisch & Simi 2017). To counter this decline in revenue there has been a need to monetize websites. This has been done primarily through revenue-generating advertisements (ADL 2017; Daniels & Lalone 2012; Lewis 2018; Ellinas 2018; Hermansson et al. 2020) and commercialization of far-right products (e.g., clothing, books, digital music, online videos) aimed at alt-right gang members or individuals aligned with the WPM (ADL 2017; Cohen-Almagor 2018; Miller-Idriss 2018, 2019; Proud Boys 2019). Yet the inability to appreciably monetize social media remains a challenge for the alt-right (see Donovan et al. 2019; Hermansson et al. 2020; Saslow 2018).

Alt-right gangs are also able to communicate with each other beyond the virtual Aryan free spaces. Members now communicate through mainstream social media platforms and on imageboards (i.e., 4chan, 8kun, Reddit), which have generalized topical forums but also forums with more distinct content. For instance, 4chan or 8kun’s /pol/ board features “politically incorrect” material, and is a haven for the alt-right (Finklestein et al., 2018; Hawley 2019; O’Brien, 2017; Philips et al., 2018; Pollard, 2018; Simi & Futrell, 2015; Tuters 2019; Wendling 2018; Zannettou et al., 2018a, 2018b).

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